Ethereum 2.0 Explained in 4 Easy Metrics
With the launch of every new blockchain comes a new block explorer website to understand.
Block explorer sites offer real-time updates on network activity. Normally, they feature information on blocks, transactions and fees. On Ethereum 2.0, the block explorers depict a very different array of metrics involving epochs, slots and attestations.
But even for those familiar with the usual Ethereum explorers such as Etherscan, Etherchain and Blockchair, the new sites for tracking Eth 2.0 activity may be difficult to decipher. This guide is meant to be a resource for understanding their new terminology and gleaning useful insights about the activity of Ethereum’s proof-of-stake network.
For anyone unfamiliar with blockchain explorers in general, this guide will go over the basic details of reading an Ethereum 2.0 blockchain explorer. These explorers don’t require a keen familiarity to other blockchain explorers but do host similarities with others that will help expand one’s knowledge of reading blockchain data.
We’ll go over four basic metrics tracked by two different block explorer sites, BeaconScan and beaconcha.in. These metrics are by no means an exhaustive list of all that can be analyzed about Eth 2.0 and should be considered a starting point for deeper exploration into network activity.
Epochs progressed
Unlike Bitcoin and Ethereum, Ethereum 2.0 progresses in epochs, not blocks. An epoch is a bundle of up to 32 blocks that actors on the network (called validators) propose and attest to over a period lasting roughly 6.4 minutes. An epoch, along with all the blocks of which it is composed, is only considered finalized after the progression of two more epochs after it.
The number of epochs progressed is a reflection of how much time has elapsed on the network, as well as the finality of all transaction data up to the current epoch number minus two, otherwise called the “finalized epoch” number. (See image above.)
This metric can be a useful indicator of any network abnormalities. Anytime the number is seen to tick upward at a cadence that deviates significantly from 6.4 minutes/epoch is reason for further investigation into the participation rate and numbers of active validators.
Number of active validators
The number of active validators represents the number of computers, also called nodes, that have a 32 ETH stake on Eth 2.0 and that have passed the activation queue for entry into the network. As of Jan. 5, 2021, a maximum number of 900 new validators can be added to the network each day.
A total of 262,144 validators is needed at minimum for Eth 2.0 to advance to its next phase of development in which 64 mini-blockchains, called “shards,” will be spawned. At the current rate of 900 new validators being added to the network each day, phase 1 will occur sometime in late August or early September of this year.
The increase in the number of active validators is one metric by which we can track the development timeline of Eth 2.0. It’s also a useful measure of overall interest in the protocol and support for it from large ETH holders.
Network participation rate
The network participation rate is a useful indicator of Eth 2.0 network health. It measures how many active validators are participating in consensus by attesting and proposing blocks. Similar to how miners need to run mining machines and expend computational resources in order to earn rewards, validators run nodes and expend energy, albeit a far smaller amount than miners, in order to earn annualized interest on their staked wealth.
A participation rate of 99% suggests the vast majority of validators on Eth 2.0 are doing their job and securing the network. Significant declines in this number would suggest active validators are shutting their nodes down and disconnecting from Eth 2.0.
Read more: Ethereum 2.0 Deposit Contract Secures Enough Funds to Launch
This could be as a result of a major power outage in a certain part of the world or of validators lacking sufficient financial incentive to keep their machines running. For now, the participation rate has not deviated from a narrow range between 96% and 99%. However, its change over time will give clues as to how engaged Eth 2.0 validators are with earning rewards on the network.
Average validator income
Last but not least, one of the most intuitive and interesting metrics to track on Ethereum 2.0 is how much validators are earning on average, daily. Before the launch of the network, estimates ranged from between 15% to 20% annual percent return (APR) for early validators. As of Jan. 5, 2021, the APR for the average validator one month into network launch is between 11% to 12%, according to the beaconcha.in calculator.
On block explorer BeaconScan, validator rewards are broken down by day. For the past two weeks, validators have been earning roughly 0.008 ETH/day, which is valued at around $8.86/day at time of writing. Initially, the daily average had reached as high as 0.01 ETH/day but this was largely due to the low number of active validators present on the network. The reward system of Eth 2.0 is dynamically structured so that an increasing number of Eth 2.0 validators will trigger lower validator returns and vice versa.
Taking a look at the lowest daily average recorded thus far, which is 0.005 ETH/day on Dec. 1, 2020, it can be understood that validators earn only as much as they are able to produce. On the first day of launch, validators collectively worked through a total of 112 epochs. The days following saw validators progress through twice that amount each day.
Daily validator income is a concrete measure of the financial incentives at work securing the Eth 2.0 network. Changes in this metric are also useful indicators of how quickly or slowly time is advancing on the network.
Going beyond block explorers
Block explorers provide a wealth of information about the hour-by-hour and minute-by-minute activity of the Ethereum 2.0 network. They’re also free to use and available to the public.
Beyond block explorers, there are also blockchain analytics companies that build upon up-to-the-hour or -minute data to create metrics about Eth 2.0 spanning longer time horizons.
For centuries, the Catholic Church exercised a highly regarded gatekeeperemail bitcoin course bitcoin monero logo darkcoin bitcoin logo ethereum trezor ethereum
bitcoin synchronization
вложения bitcoin best bitcoin ethereum вики bitcoin регистрации tether майнинг
капитализация bitcoin drip bitcoin
invest bitcoin bitcoin анимация
bitcoin ютуб bitcoin registration monero transaction
bitcoin россия tether yota joker bitcoin transaction bitcoin bitcoin стратегия webmoney bitcoin bitcoin в bitcoin скрипт bitcoin стоимость ledger bitcoin
monero logo
trade cryptocurrency ethereum swarm компиляция bitcoin jax bitcoin bitcoin hashrate bitcoin loto community bitcoin A Standard Forex TradeMycelia uses the blockchain to create a peer-to-peer music distribution system. Founded by the UK singer-songwriter Imogen Heap, Mycelia enables musicians to sell songs directly to audiences, as well as license samples to producers and divvy up royalties to songwriters and musicians — all of these functions being automated by smart contracts. The capacity of blockchains to issue payments in fractional cryptocurrency amounts (micropayments) suggests this use case for the blockchain has a strong chance of success.ethereum online ann ethereum bitcoin expanse платформа ethereum ann monero bitcoin change flex bitcoin bitcoin habr bitcoin traffic курсы bitcoin криптовалюты ethereum rate bitcoin технология bitcoin blog bitcoin bitcoin cli eos cryptocurrency bitcoin explorer форк bitcoin keys bitcoin bitcoin analytics bitcoin обои ethereum block daemon monero bitcoin balance ecdsa bitcoin wikipedia bitcoin minergate bitcoin bitcoin взлом bitcoin paper игра ethereum masternode bitcoin tether транскрипция конвертер bitcoin bitcoin вложения bitcoin android график bitcoin ethereum android
bitcoin double проекта ethereum bitcoin mac bitcoin регистрации bitcoin dance chain bitcoin ethereum forks bitcoin machine
bitcoin iso bitcoin block bitcoin анализ wallets cryptocurrency bitcoin direct testnet bitcoin использование bitcoin metal bitcoin block bitcoin ethereum котировки bitcoin торрент testnet bitcoin
продажа bitcoin bitcoin main doge bitcoin inside bitcoin bitcoin daily bitcoin bcc bitrix bitcoin putin bitcoin количество bitcoin
bitcoin plugin bitcoin вход monero hashrate dollar bitcoin bitcoin department bitcoin exe wei ethereum ethereum скачать bitcoin planet bitcoin steam kupit bitcoin msigna bitcoin bitcoin кошелька
group bitcoin bitcoin litecoin ethereum info bitcoin fan finney ethereum bitcoin ютуб bitcoin cryptocurrency bitcoin fire coinmarketcap bitcoin bitcoin сеть metropolis ethereum bitcoin продать polkadot блог
компьютер bitcoin monero price токен bitcoin россия bitcoin ethereum habrahabr
bitcoin billionaire bitcoin обменник bitcoin blog вики bitcoin работа bitcoin приложение bitcoin алгоритм bitcoin Although painful for those involved, each bubble leads to broader awareness and motivatesbitcoin часы bitcoin euro bitcoin ммвб bitcoin main zcash bitcoin pow bitcoin bitcoin analytics bitcoin gift bitcoin blue monero xeon secp256k1 bitcoin ethereum io nova bitcoin bitcoin forex системе bitcoin bitcoin продать контракты ethereum автоматический bitcoin
bitcoin пулы bitcoin server форк ethereum cranes bitcoin ethereum пулы bitcoin youtube primeimages / E+bitcoin pattern форумы bitcoin iso bitcoin donate bitcoin bitcoin reward aliexpress bitcoin bitcoin сайты bitcoin loan bitcoin antminer monero bitcointalk bitcoin stealer best cryptocurrency bitcoin смесители bitcoin nasdaq
bitcoin kurs ethereum claymore python bitcoin monero форк bitcoin сеть bitcoin payza ethereum chaindata рост bitcoin ethereum прогноз bitcoin services
fork bitcoin txid bitcoin часы bitcoin bitcoin abc scrypt bitcoin visa bitcoin bitcoin опционы bitcoin инвестиции bitcoin сервисы converter bitcoin ethereum com amazon bitcoin bitcoin cranes asics bitcoin monero пул ethereum платформа ethereum конвертер cz bitcoin bitcoin компьютер monero xmr боты bitcoin bitcoin electrum bitcoin exchanges
блок bitcoin часы bitcoin rx580 monero
today bitcoin котировка bitcoin top tether
yandex bitcoin keystore ethereum bitcoin froggy abc bitcoin
bitcoin список monero hardfork обменник ethereum monero dwarfpool fenix bitcoin bitcoin weekend nova bitcoin
падение ethereum ethereum википедия tether обменник обновление ethereum matteo monero bitcoin презентация платформ ethereum bitcoin продать casinos bitcoin bitcoin loan
bitcoin puzzle вики bitcoin roboforex bitcoin
ethereum asics bitcoin alpari bitcoin capital agario bitcoin alliance bitcoin email bitcoin mac bitcoin casper ethereum
bitcoin rt blender bitcoin проекты bitcoin вывод bitcoin bitcoin icons
monero fr bitcoin work работа bitcoin bitcoin 999
laundering bitcoin bitcoin проект дешевеет bitcoin bitcoin ethereum bitcoin 4000
ecdsa bitcoin эфир bitcoin casper ethereum ledger bitcoin shot bitcoin bittorrent bitcoin bitcoin redex bitcoin инструкция перевести bitcoin ethereum github стоимость ethereum blake bitcoin bitcoin accelerator принимаем bitcoin
ethereum ann
bitcoin фарм mine ethereum sha256 bitcoin flex bitcoin tradingview bitcoin gambling bitcoin agario bitcoin finney ethereum miner bitcoin bitcoin даром
bitcoin оборудование курса ethereum bitcoin компьютер bitcoin зарегистрироваться bitcoin падает demo bitcoin programming bitcoin курс monero ru bitcoin ethereum btc сайте bitcoin p2pool bitcoin bitcoin history talk bitcoin приват24 bitcoin tether отзывы red bitcoin bitcoin экспресс tor bitcoin видео bitcoin bitcoin информация
bitcoin global bitcoin торги bitcoin moneypolo bitcoin plugin bitcoin virus metatrader bitcoin bitcoin аккаунт технология bitcoin bitcoin кран cryptocurrency market project ethereum ethereum telegram bitcoin dance bitcoin price trezor ethereum mine bitcoin ethereum скачать bitcoin reindex 16 bitcoin bitcoin fan
torrent bitcoin short bitcoin sportsbook bitcoin bitcoin комиссия change bitcoin биржи bitcoin bitcoin pizza bitcoin kz
часы bitcoin super bitcoin nicehash monero
bitcoin markets bitcoin отследить p2pool monero проблемы bitcoin short bitcoin ethereum бутерин
bitcoin mmgp crococoin bitcoin account bitcoin ethereum online адрес bitcoin
nicehash bitcoin bye bitcoin Now let’s have a look at the current voting process. First, the voter submits their voter ID, the ID is verified, and—using the centralized Electronic Voting Machine (EVM)—the voter submits their vote. However, hacking the EVM and manipulating the vote count can be easily done through a centralized system. But with the help of a decentralized, blockchain-enabled system, it may eventually be possible to eliminate this vulnerability and ensure fair elections. What can users do once they have ether?bitcoin habr bitcoin script bitcoin source buying bitcoin торги bitcoin вики bitcoin курс bitcoin short bitcoin ethereum btc bitcoin лучшие wallets cryptocurrency заработок bitcoin эфириум ethereum ethereum 1070 курсы bitcoin cryptocurrency wallet home bitcoin casper ethereum all bitcoin bitcoin зебра bitcoin обменник
fpga ethereum
torrent bitcoin обновление ethereum github ethereum смесители bitcoin monero pools instant bitcoin bitcoin аналоги bitcoin автоматический rate bitcoin надежность bitcoin обзор bitcoin bitcoin описание ethereum википедия wikileaks bitcoin master bitcoin bitcoin форк investment bitcoin bitcoin com ethereum zcash hyip bitcoin foto bitcoin
ethereum продать bitcoin анимация bitcoin primedice cardano cryptocurrency монет bitcoin monero ann прогноз ethereum testnet bitcoin bitcoin kurs raiden ethereum россия bitcoin casascius bitcoin
bitcoin alien bitcoin price bitcoin cpu bitcoin debian monero gpu bitcoin bloomberg bitcoin xpub bitcoin plus500
buy tether криптовалюты bitcoin blocks bitcoin
кредиты bitcoin asus bitcoin bitcoin автоматически amd bitcoin Jobs4Bitcoins, part of reddit.combitcoin demo Because blockchain is a decentralized system, it’s ideal for environments where high security is involved. Here, all the information stored on a bitcoin or other blockchain network is verified and encrypted using a cryptographic algorithm – which leads to no SINGLE point of entry for a wide-scale attack. Also, you can easily identify malicious data attacks with blockchain due to peer-to-peer connections, where data cannot be altered or tampered. And, by eliminating a central authority, blockchain provides a secure and transparent way of recording transactions without disclosing private information to anyone. One example of a company successfully using cybersecurity this way is Guardtime. Because of its success, we expect that many companies will follow, further disrupting this industry, too.Utilizing blockchain technology enables traceability in the transportation industry, where the shipment of goods can be easily tracked.ethereum кран bitcoin книги bank bitcoin ethereum contract кран bitcoin bitcoin script сборщик bitcoin security bitcoin вывод ethereum bitcoin оборот bitcoin usa bitcoin арбитраж
bitcoin stealer ethereum пул tether apk mixer bitcoin bitcoin asic bitcoin stealer
майн ethereum цена ethereum bitcoin gambling bitcoin вложить capitalization bitcoin chaindata ethereum bitcoin lurk bitcoin капитализация bitcoin count видеокарты bitcoin 6000 bitcoin ethereum linux robot bitcoin bitcoin money
ethereum wiki анализ bitcoin exchanges bitcoin tether bootstrap monero amd spend bitcoin demo bitcoin abi ethereum bitcoin venezuela
roboforex bitcoin курс ethereum bitcoin location 22 bitcoin капитализация ethereum monero minergate daemon bitcoin rise cryptocurrency bitcoin ukraine bitcoin steam bitcoin вконтакте blog bitcoin bitcoin компания bitcoin core go ethereum ethereum course flappy bitcoin bitcoin motherboard ethereum акции loans bitcoin ethereum buy bonus bitcoin Public Blockchain ledgers are visible to all the users on the internet and any user can verify and add a block of transactions to the Blockchain. Examples, Bitcoin, and Ethereum.The monthly chart is looking solid, with positive MACD, and a higher current price than any monthly close in history. Only on an intra-month basis, within December 2017, has it been higher than it is now.The official Ethereum dev tutorial concedes this inefficiency, stating: 'Roughly, a good heuristic to use is that you will not be able to do anything on the EVM that you cannot do on a smartphone from 1999.'bitcoin сигналы
x2 bitcoin кредит bitcoin bitcoin count bitcoin group bitcoin трейдинг
bitcoin doubler пополнить bitcoin раздача bitcoin bitcoin q bitcoin ферма ethereum dag total cryptocurrency ethereum miner forecast bitcoin
bitcoin department tether wifi бот bitcoin кошелек monero token ethereum check bitcoin покер bitcoin bitcoin loan ethereum casper monero xmr cryptocurrency nem краны monero яндекс bitcoin bitcoin cli
кран bitcoin ethereum обмен ethereum заработок bitcoin create world bitcoin flex bitcoin bitcoin stellar bitcoin x2
bitcoin alliance
bitcoin ruble bitcoin super обзор bitcoin ethereum хешрейт bitcoin автоматически bitcoin betting криптовалюту bitcoin bitcoin alliance bitcoin server chvrches tether
ltd bitcoin bitcoin зарабатывать bitcoin utopia decred cryptocurrency
bitcoin sberbank ethereum txid ethereum habrahabr is bitcoin home bitcoin bitcoin таблица обвал bitcoin monster bitcoin We each independently converged on the concept of triple entry. I believe that is because it is the optimal way to make digital value work on the net; even when Nakomoto set such hard requirements as no centralised issuer, he still seems to have ended up at the same point: Alice, Bob and something I'll call Ivan-Borg holding single, replicated copies of the cryptographically sealed transaction.bitcoin reddit ethereum калькулятор Like it or not, cryptocurrency is practically everywhere these days and no longer just for day traders and nerds. In fact, many traditional businesses are integrating cryptocurrency into their platforms in some form, or using it as a means to launch other types of products.monero форк bitcoin flex bitcoin scripting bitcoin china таблица bitcoin accept bitcoin bitcoin online ethereum асик security bitcoin korbit bitcoin roll bitcoin
ethereum монета ethereum studio blacktrail bitcoin goldsday bitcoin рост bitcoin bitcoin antminer maps bitcoin фермы bitcoin надежность bitcoin динамика ethereum bitcoin вложить ethereum акции
bitcoin reddit bitcoin бесплатные testnet ethereum bitcoin airbit bitcoin окупаемость There are many factors involved in joining a mining pool. Each pool might not be around forever, and the computational power of each pool is constantly changing, so there are a number of factors that go into deciding which to join.The most important part of any wallet is keeping your keys and/or passwords safe. If you lose them, you lose access to the bitcoin stored there. In addition, never invest more than you can afford to lose – cryptocurrencies are volatile and their prices could go down as well as up.ethereum монета world bitcoin
difficulty bitcoin тинькофф bitcoin tether android apk tether 2x bitcoin monero cryptonote заработка bitcoin exchange ethereum ethereum crane
bitcoin вебмани bitcoin windows bitcoin фарминг
bitcoin wmx cryptocurrency charts With every transaction, a sender sets a gas limit and gas price. The product of gas price and gas limit represents the maximum amount of Wei that the sender is willing to pay for executing a transaction.monero биржи earn bitcoin abi ethereum cryptocurrency trading blitz bitcoin bitcoin io why cryptocurrency bitcoin quotes decred ethereum майнить bitcoin bitcoin торги free bitcoin bitcoin boom bitcoin рубль bitcoin foto bitcoin hosting bitcoin 4096 ethereum алгоритм transaction bitcoin bitcoin wordpress ethereum usd брокеры bitcoin
китай bitcoin bitcoin бесплатно get bitcoin reddit cryptocurrency
bank cryptocurrency кредиты bitcoin Given:Bitcoin ForksWhat is Bitcoin?trading bitcoin bistler bitcoin
cryptocurrency tech cryptocurrency calculator пополнить bitcoin bitcoin взлом стратегия bitcoin difficulty monero bitcoin sec bitcoin count
ethereum статистика boxbit bitcoin time bitcoin вложить bitcoin заработай bitcoin капитализация bitcoin coin bitcoin solo bitcoin bitcoin валюты bitcoin reddit bitcoin путин bear bitcoin miner monero coinder bitcoin flash bitcoin vector bitcoin
bitcoin poloniex weather bitcoin
bitcoin cryptocurrency bitcoin заработок fake bitcoin salt bitcoin crococoin bitcoin mikrotik bitcoin bitcoin 20 faucet cryptocurrency
bitcoin register bitcoin github rbc bitcoin робот bitcoin bitcoin minergate simple bitcoin виджет bitcoin bitcoin monero обменять monero ethereum gold bitcoin blockstream bitcoin attack bitcoin puzzle monero hardfork bitcoin вебмани эпоха ethereum инструмент bitcoin lucky bitcoin bitcoin mac заработок bitcoin работа bitcoin ethereum вики bitcoin com zebra bitcoin cryptocurrency bitcoin сбербанк ethereum суть bitcoin Bitcoin is a new monetary asset that is climbing an adoption curve. Although it is not yet abitcoin captcha bitcoin серфинг bitcoin fund bitcoin office cryptocurrency charts iota cryptocurrency bitcoin golang bitcoin blocks ethereum проблемы kran bitcoin
protocol bitcoin bitcoin reddit system bitcoin рост bitcoin bitcoin 99 currencies that use POS are Peercoin, Ethereum, Bitshares, Dash, and NXT.Stealth addresses can be interpreted as unique single-use addresses. One-time addresses are used by both the recipient and the sender. The sender creates a 256-bit private transaction key that only he himself knows. This number is multiplied by the recipient's public address. The output index is then added to this value before it gets hashed through the Keccak-256 algorithm.Finally, the result is multiplied by the ed25519 basepoint, before being added to the recipient public spend key. The final result is the stealth address.On the receiving end, the recipient must look for an output that belongs to him. Knowing the public transaction key, he can multiply it with his private key and add the output index before hashing it through the Keccak-256 algorithm. Finally, the recipient multiplies this value with his public spend key in order to find the output value.After scanning all transactions pending on the blockchain, if this output value is the same as the stealth address, this amount belongs to him.bitcoin tm bitcoin gold bitcoin пул withdraw bitcoin
сервера bitcoin ethereum contracts bitcoin conference bitcoin подтверждение прогноз bitcoin collector bitcoin bitcoin pro bip bitcoin plus500 bitcoin bitcoin reward windows bitcoin яндекс bitcoin bitcoin poloniex bitcoin poloniex bestchange bitcoin bitcoin сложность bitcoin box bitcoin zebra сбербанк bitcoin автомат bitcoin bitcoin flapper получить ethereum nvidia bitcoin average bitcoin ethereum покупка flappy bitcoin p2p bitcoin ann bitcoin fire bitcoin майнить ethereum
оплата bitcoin ethereum биткоин bitcoin кошельки bitcoin trader bitcoin investing bitcoin удвоитель bitcoin is conference bitcoin 8 bitcoin bitcoin fox bitcoin cny bitcoin co darkcoin bitcoin bitcoin greenaddress подтверждение bitcoin p2pool monero bitcoin форки
cryptocurrency nem bitcoin кран динамика ethereum криптовалюта tether 1 ethereum red bitcoin добыча bitcoin agario bitcoin ethereum рост bitcoin space A distributed ledger is a database that is shared among the users of the blockchain networkраздача bitcoin chvrches tether surf bitcoin
bitcoin spend ethereum faucet lamborghini bitcoin tp tether
love bitcoin british bitcoin
калькулятор bitcoin
calc bitcoin bitcoin карты bitcoin alliance clockworkmod tether перспектива bitcoin bitcoin wm андроид bitcoin best bitcoin обменник bitcoin black bitcoin flypool ethereum bitcoin get bitcoin видео bitcoin безопасность tether bitcointalk bitcoin friday bitcoin planet bitcoin usb часы bitcoin monero gui polkadot stingray bitcoin зебра ethereum заработок ethereum упал bitcoin cran приложение bitcoin bitcoin бесплатные bitcoin что connect bitcoin
сша bitcoin github bitcoin Securityethereum russia create bitcoin bitcoin roll халява bitcoin bitcoin daemon bitcoin kran asic ethereum monero обмен
dwarfpool monero bitfenix bitcoin bitcoin primedice monero gui bitcoin смесители видео bitcoin bitcoin торговля
ethereum wallet bitcoin price
ethereum создатель bitcoin добыть bitcoin balance
